The
central sulcus and surrounding landmarks Introduction
Atlas
Links
OverviewThe sylvian fissure and interhemispheric fissure are easy to
spot from the approriate coronal or axial view. However, the
central sulcus (
cs) can require a bit more
training to detect. One of the best ways to find the
csand other major sulci is to look at a posterior 3/4 rendering of
the brain as I show here. From this view you should be able to
quickly identify the Interhemispheric Fissure (
IF),
superior frontal sulcus (
sfs) and the
intraprairetal sulcus (
ips), as shown on the
diagram. The
sfs and
ips are
especially useful for finding the
cs. The
anterior end of the
ips is the postcentral
sulcus (
pocs) and the posterior junction of the
sfsis near the precentral sulcus (
precs). One word
of caution: one of the most salient features of the
ipsis the dorsal junction of the supramarginal gyrus (
SmG)
and Angular Gyrus (
AnG), shown with a cyan
circle in the diagram. This junction can often look like the
pocs- it is important to keep tracing the
ipsanteriorly after this landmark in order to find the
pocs.
From this view, the
cs lies between the
pocsand the
precs.
The
cs can also be found by examing axial
slices, as described by Nicola
Petitti in a powerpoint presentation. Looking at a normalized
brain, the
cs is easiest to spot on an axial
slice with a Z-coordinate around 60mm. At this position the
sfscan typically be seen transecting the
precs, and
the
ips can often be seen to connect with the
pocs.
From this view, the
cs usually looks more
crooked than the flanking
precs and
pocs- it often contains an 'inverted omega' shape - which is the
landmark for the precentral gyrus's motor-hand area (see Yousry
et al, Brain, 1997, v120, 141-157). Note that the precentral
gyrus is usually larger than the postcentral gyrus. Furthermore,
at this slice, the
cs is usually deeper and more
continuous than either the
precs or
pocs.
Identifying the
precs,
cs and
pocsis useful, as these areas indicate the location of the primary
motor cortex. The precentral gyrus (the gyrus between
precsand
cs) is involved with motor control (e.g.
reaching) and the postcentral gyrus (between
csand
pocs) is involved with sensation (e.g.
touch). For example, stimulating the motor hand area with a TMS
wand will cause the hand to flinch.
As mentioned in the introduction,
brains vary a lot between individuals, even after normalization.
All of the tips described here are 'rules of thumb' that will
work for most brains.